Process for the manufacture of high bulk textile materials from polyacrylonitrile

ABSTRACT

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HIGH BULK TEXTILE MATERIALS OF POLYACRYLONITRILE BY HEAT TREATMENT OF TEXTILE MATERIALS CONSISTING OF POLYACRYLONITRILE FIBRE MATERIALS OF DIFFERENT THERMAL SHRINKABILITY, CHARACTERISED IN THAT THE HEAT TREATMENT IS CARRIED OUT IN CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS WHICH OPTIONALLY CONTAIN SMALL AMOUNTS OF WATER AND SMALL AMOUNTS OF EMULSIFIERS.

Un ts Se??? Pam 3,679,354 PROCESS FOR THEMANUFACTURE or men BULK'TEXTILE MATERIALS FROM POLY- .ACRYLONITRILE Dietrich Hildebrand, 0denthal, and Karl Neufang, Co-

longe, Germany, assignors to Farbenfabriken Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, Leverkusen, Germany No Drawing. Filed Aug. 10, 1970, Ser. No. 62,654 Claims priority, application Germany, Aug. 16, 1969,

* P19 41706.2' I Int. CLD06m 3/16 us. CI. 8-1301 as...

ABSTRACT OF DISCLOSURE Process for themanufacture of high bulk textile materials of polyacrylonitrile by heat treatment of textile materials consisting of polyacrylonitrile fibre materials of difierent thermal shrinkability, characterised in that the heat treatment is carried out in chlorinated hydrocarbons which optionally contain small amounts of water and small amounts, of emulsifiers. 1

The invention relates to a process for thefmanufacture of high bulk textile materials of polyacrylonitrile by heat treatment of textile materials consisting of polyacrylonitrile by heat treatmentbf textile materials consisting of nitrile fibre materials of different thermal shrinkability; the process is characterised in that the heat treatment is carried out in chlorinated hydrocarbons which optionally contain small amounts of water and small amounts of emulsifiers.

Processes are already known'for bulking textile materials consisting of polyacrylonitrile fibre materials of different thermal-:shrinkability by treatment with boiling water-or steam. The process according to the invention is distinguishedjfrom these known processes in that it yields high bulk materials which in handle, appearance and degree of cleanliness are superior to the high bulk textile materials manufactured according to the known processes,

and furthermore in that the action ofany'brighteners contained in the textile materials is not impaired by the heat treatment carried out according to the invention. The main advantage of the process accordingvto'the invention however resides -in;the fact that the textile materials can be dyed from the same treatment bath immediately after the 15 bulking process. The process according to the invention therefore represents a single-bath process for the bulking and dyeing of polyacrylonitrile fibre materials of different thermal shrink-ability.

Possibile chlorinated hydrocarbons for the process according to the invention are especially the chlorinated hydrocarbons with boiling points lyingbetween 85 and 150 C., for example especially aliphatic'fchlorinated hydrocarbons, such as l,1,l,2-tetrachlorethane, 1,1,2,2 -tetrachlorethane, 1,l-dichloropropane,; 1,2-dichloropropane, ..-1,3-dichloropropane, 1,1,1-trichloropropane,: l-chlorobutane, 2- chlorobutane, 1-chloro-2-, methylpropane or 2 -.chloro-2- methylpropane and l,1,1-trifluoropentachloropropane, but also aromatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzene. vTetrachlorethylene and trichlorethylene have proved particu- 3,679,354 Patented July 25, 1972 ice monium compounds possessing two hydrocarbon radicals with a total of at least 32 carbon atoms, such as N,N-dihexadecyl N,N dimethylammonium chloride, N-hexadecyl N oleyl N,N dimethylammonium methylsulphate and N,N dihexadecyl N benzyl N methylammonium chloride; also, fatty acid ethanolamides and ethoxylation and/or propoxylation products of fatty alcohols, fatty amines, fatty acids, fatty acid amides, alkylphenols, aralkylphenols and 'arylphenols as well as their mixtures with one another. The emulsifiers are advantageously employed in an amount of 0.01-0.5 percent by weight relative to the weight of the chlorinated hydrocarbons.

In some cases it has furthermore proved advisable to add to the chlorinated hydrocarbons, additionally to the small amounts of water and emulsifiers, also small amounts, say 0.005-1 percent by weight, relative to the weight of the chlorinated hydrocarbons, of lower aliphatic carboxylic acids such as formic acid or acetic acid.

1"he polyacrylonitrile fibre materials of difierent thermal shrinkability-to be bulked according to the process of the invention can be mixtures of fibre materials of different thermal shrinkability or bi-component fibres or bi-component filaments. The dilferent thermal shrinkability can be based on a diiferent thermal or thermal-mechanical pretreatment of the fibre materials or on a different modification of the polyacrylonitrile by various comonomers.

The polyacrylonitrile fibre materials to be bulked according to the invention can have been dyed with optical briglitene'rsr For dyeing the polyacrylonitrile fibre materials bulked according to the inventionfrom the chlorinated hydrocarbon treatment baths, cationic dyestuffs can be used. These can =be-1used-in'the form of salts, which are soluble in the chlorinated hydrocarbon, of dyestufl cations and anions of aliphatic or aromatic carboxyli-c, sulphonic or phosphonic acids possessing 4-30 carbon atoms, or in the form of water-soluble salts of dyestufi cations and anions of inorganic acids. These water-soluble salts; are emulsified in the chlorinated hydrocarbon b'aths in the form of aqueous solutions. f

As cationic dyestuffs there may-for example be mentioned: methine, azomethine, hydrazone or azacyanine dyestufis, dyestufis'of the diarylmethane or triarylmethane series, xanthene, thioxanthene, acridine, oxazine, thiazine and phenagine dyestufi's as, well. -as cationic dyestuffs. of hea o. wi ra i n o rh h l y n. i by dyethere are also unclerstgzg od optical. .brighteners, for example -opt-ical brighteners of the stilbene,.. coumarine, azole or naphthalimide seriesr =-P,o ss ible, anions for the water-soluble .dyestulf salts are above all theanions of inorganieacids, for example halide ions, such asthe chloride, bromideor iodide ion, also.. the nitrate, perchloratemnd bisulp hatev ion, and the anions which are derived from the sulphuric acid esters andv sulphonic acids, such as the methylsulphate,ethylsulphate and toluenesnlphonateion. v

Possible anions for the salts which are solublein the chlorinated hydrocarbons are for example: the 2-ethylcaproate, laurate, oleate, linoleate, nonylphenol-tetraethyleneglycol-ether-propionate, 3 '--'-nonylphenoxy)-propionate, nonyl-phenoxyacetate, tert.-butylbenzoate, hexahydrobenzoate, abietate, dodecylbenzenesulphonate and tetrapropylenebenzenesulphonate ion.

The amounts in which the dyestufis optionally to be used are present in the dyebath can vary within wide limits 1 depending on the desired depth of colour: 0.1-5 percent by weight of dyestulf, relativeto the weight of the fibre material, have proved successful.

The process according to the invention is for example carried out in such a way that the fibre material to be bulked, which can be in the form of yarn, woven fabric or knitted fabric or a made-up article manufactured therefrom, is treated for 5-60 minutes at 90-125" C. in a closed apparatus, for example a paddle apparatus or a drum dyeing apparatus, using a liquor ratio of 1:10-1:50, in the chlorinated hydrocarbons which optionally further contain small amounts of water, emulsifier and lower aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as formic or acetic acid. Following the bulking, the material is optionally dyed in the same bath by cooling the treatment bath to 80 C.

. adding the dyestuif and optionally small amountsof water 100 parts of yarn of polyacrylonitrile fibres of different thermal shrinkability (60% thermally shrunk+40% unshrunk polyacrylonitrile fibres) are heated for 1 hour to 95 C. in 2400 parts of perchloroethylene in a closed apparatus. Thereafter the solvent is run out, adhering solvent is removed by centrifuging and the yarn is dried with warm air. A full, highly bulked yarn of very attractive handle is obtained, which shows a higherbulkingeffect and better handle properties than a corresponding yarn treated in an aqueous bath.

An equivalent bulking effect was also achieved by treat? ing the yarn at 120 C. for 15 minutes. 1

EXAMPLE 2 100 parts of yarn of polyacrylonitrile fibres of difierent thermal shrinkability (60% thermally shrunk+40%. unshrunk polyacrylonitrile fibres) in bank form are treated for 45 minutes at 95 C. in 1989 parts of perchlorethylene in a closed apparatus. Thereafter the bath is cooled to 80 C. and after addition of 11 parts of a dyestuff preparation consisting of: i g

6.6 of water,

1.6 parts of oleyl alcohol eicosaglycol ether,

0.8 part of oleic acid ethanolamide, v

1.0 part of di-octadecyl-dimethylammonium chloride, f 0.5 part of 60% strength acetic acid, and i 0.5 part of the dyestutf of formula 4 i are v U o CH=CH: 1r 11 7 H; 0H; H

the whole is warmed to 98 C. and kept at this temperature for 1 hour with vigorous circulation of the liquor. The

M v M 100 parts of yarn of polyacrylonitrile fibres of different thermal shrinkability (70% thermally shrunk+30% thermally unshrunk polyacrylonitrile fibres) are heated for 30 minutes to 98 C. in a close apparatus in a bath consisting of: T v I 1,980 parts of 1,1,l,2-tetrachlorethane,'j 1 1.6 parts of oleyl alcohol eicosaglycol eth ,er, 0. 8, part of oleicacid ethanolamide, 0.4 part of 100% strength formic acid,l nd. 6.2partsofwater. g Thereafter the bath is cooled to 80 with 1-1 parts of a dyestuff solution consistingpf: 15.6 parts of the dyestutf of formula I l 58.8 parts of 1,1,1,2-tetrach1orethylene and.

25.6 parts of butyrolactone,'=

and the whole heated to 98 C. over the course of; 1-5

3 nutes. V tJ After 1 hour's dyeing at this temperature'the dyebath is runout. The yarn is rinsed with fresh 1,l,1,2-tetrachlorethane for 10 minutes at 45 C., subsequently centrifuged and dried by means of warm air. A bulked yarn dyed blue is obtained, having agreater bul'ked'volume than a yarn obtained from an aqueous treatmentliquor.

EXAMPLE 4 2,000 parts of perchlorethylene"and f v 10partsofmixtureof.

0.5 part of oleic acid ethanolamide,

1 part of oleyl alcohol eicosaglycol ether, 1 part of a compound of formula 0.5 part of glacial acetic acid and 5 4 parts of water. i a

Thereafter the bath is cooled to parts of a mixture consisting of:

17.3 parts of the dyestufi salt of I. a I I gso fo, mired w ile e cmrww mo hqiaic qf 57.7 parts of perchlorethylene and 25.0 parts of butyrolactone,

warmed to 98 C. over the course of ,ligginutes andkept at this temperature for 1 hour with vigorous agitation of the liquor. The liquor is, then run out. rinsedwith fresh perchlorethylenefor 5. minutes'at temperature and is subsequently centrifugedarjd ee er the adhering solvent by blowing hot air over it. A highly bulked yarn, dyed golden yellow of soft handle is ob tained, the manufacture of which requires less time than when using aqueous liquors.

We claim:

1. In the process of producing high bulk polyacrylonitrile textile materials by heat-treating textile materials consisting of polyacrylonin'ile fiber materials of diiferent thermal shrinkability, the improvement comprising conducting said heat-treatment in treating medium comprising chlorinated hydrocarbon, 0.01-2 percent by weight of water and 0.01-0.05 percent by weight of emulsifiers, relative to the weight of the chlorinated hydrocarbons.

2. The process of claim 1 in which the treating medium additionally contains 0.005-1 percent by weight of lower carboxylic acid, relative to the weight of said chlorinated hydrocarbon.

3. The process of claim 1 in which said heat-treatment is conducted for 5-60 minutes at 90-125 C.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,481,685 12/1969 White 8--130.1 3,514,249 5/1970 Bullington 8-130.1 2,789,340 4/1957 Cresswell 28-76 GEORGE F. LESMES, Primary Examiner J. CANNON, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

81 W, 17, 114.6, 177 AB, 177 R 3,679,354 Dated July 25 1972 Serial No. 62,654 v ln fl Dietrich Hildebrand, et a1.

Patent No.

It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

1 28 "nitrile by heat treatment of textile materials consisting of" should be deleted 4 6 "close" should be -closed--- 5 12 "0.05" should be (Claim 1, line 7) 5 3/4 3 (last formula) CH @FL 2 N CH- B should be CH I 3 N CH:

F ORM PO-105O (10-69) USCOMM-DC 603764969 us. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959 0-366334 2/ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 679 I Dated July, 25 I 1972 Serial No. 62,654 Inventor(s) Dietrich Hildebrand, et a1.

It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column Line Error 1 64 "advantagesous" should read --advantageous-.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK v Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM po'wso USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 .5, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1 I969 35"334 

